Jenis-jenis Dinosaurus

[Wolframiter]

Tolong post disini yah buat Jenis2 Dino nya plus Ket en fotonya

[stinger]

Mulai ah... dari Allosaurus

Keterangan:
One of the largest flesh-eating dinosaurs that walked on 2 legs, Allosaurus had muscular hind limbs and supported its weight primarily on its toes. It had an S-shaped neck, a huge skull and jaws, forelimbs armed with sharp claws, and a long tail counterbalancing the weight of its body and head.

Allosaurus had dagger-shaped teeth capable of easily piercing flesh. They may have hunted in packs and feasted together on large herbivores.

[Wolframiter]

wah bagus2 Stin,ayo mana lg

[stinger]

Apatosaurus - this dinosaur was misidentified for quite a number of years. Arthur Lakes, working for paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, excavated the first Apatosaurus skeleton in 1879 near Morrison, Colorado. A large portion of the skeleton was discovered, but the skull was missing. Needing a skull to complete the skeleton, Marsh used what he thought was the correct skull, which has since turned out to be that of a Camarasaurus, a smaller Jurassic sauropod. Thus, formerly identified as Brontosaurus, Apatosaurus was renamed when another skeleton with skull was found, confirming the correct skeletal assemblage. Apatosaurus belongs to a group of saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs, suborder Sauropoda. Included in this suborder are Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus and Camarasaurus. All of these giant plant-eating dinosaurs lived during the late Jurassic Period during a time of semi-humid to semi-arid conditions. They roamed the plains, probably in herds, continually searching for food and also on the lookout for their primary predator, Allosaurus.

Apatosaurus is a Sauropod dinosaur, one of the long-necked, long-tailed animals that were the longest land creatures ever to roam the earth. Apatosaurus were approximately 70 feet in length and weighed over 24 tons. They were not the largest sauropods, the Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus being much larger relatives. Apatosaurus had a small head, long neck, long tail and a huge barrel-shaped body supported by four massive legs. Apatosaurus was a plant-eating machine. It’s small head contained small, peg-shaped designed for ripping foliage off plants and sending this food, unchewed down to its large stomach. This dinosaur also swallowed stones (gastroliths or gizzard stones) which remained in the stomach. The grinding action of the stomach stones combined with the stomach acids served to grind up the plant material so this Jurassic giant could digest it. One interesting aspect of Apatosaurus was its long tail. It contained over 82 vertebrae and tapered into a slender whip. Scientists now believe that Apatosaurus used its whiplash tail for defense either by making loud noises by cracking its tail-whip, or by actually using it as a whip against its predators.

Apatosaurus bone remains are found quite commonly in the Morrison Formation in the western states of Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. Often, bones from multiple individuals are found together either signifying a living ‘family’ group or more probably, a mass death and burial due to severe climatic events such as large floods. Charles Whitney Gilmore described an almost complete skeleton of Apatosaurus in 1936. The finding of this skeleton played a key role in the establishment of Dinosaur National Monument, Vernal, Utah.

[stinger]

This species of the Ankylosaurids is one of two that are found in North America. Ankylosaurus skeletal remains have been found in Montana, USA and Alberta, Canada. They are most noted for their armored exterior and club tail, both of which served as defensive mechanisms. The clubbed tail is actually several bones that are fused together and massive, covered by a layer of skin. Ankylosaurus grew to 33 ft (10 m) in length and were prevalent during the late Cretaceous period.

Discovered in 1908.

[stinger]

Discovered in 1890.

O.C. Marsh first described this late Jurassic dinosaur in 1890. It is a large four-legged, sauropod and is very similar to another large sauropod, Diplodocus. Like most Jurassic sauropods, Barosaurus had an extremely long neck and was a plant-eater

[stinger]

Discovered in 1877.

Camptosaurus is a Jurassic-age plant-eating dinosaur and a primitive Iguanodontid. In fact, it is the earliest known Iguanodontid and is more primitive and smaller than the Cretaceous Iguanodontids. These dinosaurs could walk on their hind legs as well as using all four legs. Camptosaurus grew to a length of 23 ft (7 m). Instead of claws, Camptosaurus had hooves at the ends of both its hands and feet.

[Wolframiter]

Originally posted by stinger
Discovered in 1890.

O.C. Marsh first described this late Jurassic dinosaur in 1890. It is a large four-legged, sauropod and is very similar to another large sauropod, Diplodocus. Like most Jurassic sauropods, Barosaurus had an extremely long neck and was a plant-eater

busyet panjang amit ya

[stinger]

Discovered in 1904

Although probably discovered in 1876 by Edward Drinker Cope, only fragmentary remains were discovered and Cope named the dinosaur, Monoclonius. In 1904, Lawrence Lambe discovered a frill section and coined the name Centrosaurus. Since that time, numerous remains have been unearthed in the Red Deer River area of Alberta, Canada. Several complete skeletons and skin impressions have been discovered and described from this area. A mid to late Cretaceous dinosaur, Centrosaurus was medium sized, with a single nose horn and small spines around the back of its neck frill. It is believed it had thick, strong hind and fore-limbs with hooves. The abundance of multiple skeletal remains in close proximity may indicate Centrosaurus was a herd animal, traveling in groups for protection against the large Cretaceous predatory dinosaurs.

[stinger]

Discovered 1883 by M.P. Felch associated with Allosaurus in Fremont County, Colorado. First described by O.C. Marsh.

Maximum body length of 20 ft (6 m) and stood 5-6 ft (2 m) high.

Large head, short neck, short arms, thick legs.

Big jaws with sharp curved teeth.

Unlike Allosaurus, has four well-developed fingers.

Smaller, more lightly-built and agile predator than Allosaurus.

[stinger]

Discovered in 1859

Compsognathus is a Coelurosaur ('hollow-tailed reptile'). Coelurosaurs were slender, fast-running predators with small heads, sharp teeth, long flexible necks and long arms with sharp claws. Compsognathus was discovered in the late Jurassic-age rocks in Germany and France. The first remains were discovered n a lithographic limestone in southern Germany in the late 1850's. Compsognathus had a long tail that counterbalanced its front. It was a bipedal (two-legged) and was probably a fleet-footed predator of small animals. Compsognathus is one of the smallest dinosaurs, measuring only 28 inches to 4 feet in length, most of that being its tail section

[stinger]

Discovered in 1942 in Northern Arizona by University of California expedition.

Described by Dr. Sam Welles in 1954.

20 ft (6m) in length.

Long slender teeth used for tearing not biting.

Long powerful hind legs.
Crest on head made from two thin ridges of bone side by side, like half dinner plates set up on end.

[stinger]

Argentinosaurus huinculensis was a 130-140 feet (40-42 m) long titanosaurid sauropod. It was an enormous, long-necked, long-tailed, quadrupedal, plant-eater from Argentina, South America during the Cretaceous period. Argentinosaurus, meaning "Argentina Lizard," was named by paleontologists Coria & José Bonaparte in 1993. It is known from fossilized back vertebrae, tibia, ribs and sacrum. It may be the largest dinosaur.

[Okinawa]

T. rex was a huge meat-eating dinosaur that lived during the late Cretaceous period, about 85 million to 65 million years ago. T. rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in open forests with nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were mild.
Until recently, Tyrannosaurus rex was the biggest known carnivorous dinosaur; Giganotosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus are slightly bigger.

ANATOMY
Tyrannosaurus rex was a fierce predator that walked on two powerful legs. This meat-eater had a huge head with large, pointed, replaceable teeth and well-developed jaw muscles. It had tiny arms, each with two fingers. Each bird-like foot had three large toes, all equipped with claws (plus a little dewclaw on a tiny, vestigial fourth toe). T. rex had a slim, stiff, pointed tail that provided balance and allowed quick turns while running. T. rex's neck was short and muscular. Its body was solidly built but its bones were hollow.

SIZE
Tyrannosaurus rex was up to 40 feet (12.4 m) long, about 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6 m) tall. The arms were only about 3 feet (1 m) long. Tyrannosaurus rex was roughly 5 to 7 tons in weight.

The enormous skull was about 5 feet (1.5 m) long. The eye sockets in the skull are 4 inches (10.2 cm) across; the eyeballs would have been about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter.

T. rex left footprints 1.55 feet (46 cm) long (although its feet were much longer, about 3.3 feet (1 m) long; T. rex, like other dinosaurs walked on its toes). It had a stride length of up to 12 to 15 feet (3.7-4.6 m). T. rex may have run at up to 15 mph (24 kph).

TEETH AND JAWS

T. rex's jaws were up to 4 feet (1.2 m) long and had 50 to 60 thick, conical, bone-crunching teeth that ranged in size from very small to over 9 inches (23 cm) long. Adult had a variety of sizes of teeth in their jaws at one time, as teeth were broken and new (smaller) ones grew in to replace them. One T. rex was found with some teeth up to 13 inch (33 cm) long. T. rex could eat up to 500 pounds (230 kg) of meat and bones in one bite!

Tyrannosaurus rex had a wrap-around overbite; when T. rex closed its mouth, the upper parts of the lower jaw's teeth fit inside the upper teeth.

SKIN
Fossilized specimens of T. rex's rough, scaly skin have been found. It was bumpy, like an alligator's skin, and has been described as a "lightly pebbled skin."

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Tyrannosaurus rex probably lived in forests, where its prey (plant-eating dinosaurs) could find plenty of food. T. rex fossils have been found in western North America and Mongolia.

SENSES
Sight: T. rex had large visual lobes in its brain that processed visual information. T. rex also had depth perception (since both eyes faced forwards on the front of its skull, and not placed on the sides), but it was not the only dinosaur that had depth perception. In general, predators (hunters) ofter have depth perception to help them hunt their prey. Animals that are hunted (like the plant-eating dinosaurs) usually have eyes located on the sides of their head (having no depth perception); this lets them see predators approaching from both sides.

Smell: T. rex's brain had a very large area in the brain for processing odors.

TAIL
Tyrannosaurus had a stiff, pointed tail (like other Tetanurans [meaning "stiff tail"]). The tail was used as a counterbalance for its enormous head, for agility and for making quick turns.

The rear part of the tail was stiffened by interlocking vertebral zygopophyses (interlocking bony structures projecting forwards and backwards from the neural arches, interlocking one vertebra into another).

[Okinawa]

STEGOSAURUS, meaning "Covered Lizard" or "Roof lizard"
Plant eater
Very small head with a tiny brain and toothless beak
Large, flat, bony, triangular plates along its back
A heavy, spiked tail for protection
Walked on four legs, but the back legs were twice as long as its front legs


ANATOMY

Photo courtesy of Jim Puckett, using a new Olympus 3040 digital camera taken in the Dinosaur Hall of "Prehistoric Journey" at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science
Stegosaurus was up to 26-30 feet long (8-9 m), about 9 feet tall (2.75 m), and weighed about 6,800 pounds (3100 kg). Its small brain was only the size of a walnut (weighing roughly 2.5 - 2.9 ounces (70 - 80 grams). Its skull was long. pointed, and narrow; it had a toothless beak and small cheek teeth. Its head was carried close to the ground, probably no more than 3 feet (1 m) high.
Stegosaurus had 17 bony plates that were embedded in its back. The arrangement of these plates was unknown until a 1992 Stegosaurus find in Colorado (Carpenter, et al.) - the plates ran along the Stegosaurus' back and tail in two rows, and the plates alternated in alignment.

The function of these plates is uncertain. The plates were made of bone which was not solid, but was filled with tube-like tunnels. The largest of these triangular plates was about 2.5 ft (76 cm) tall and just as long. The plates were probably well-nourished by blood vessels, indicating that the plates may have been used to regulate the dinosaur's temperature. They may have also been used for protection or mating display purposes.

Stegosaurus also had spikes at the end of its flexible tail (these are called thagomizers; they were named for a Gary Larson "Far Side" cartoon in which a caveman is explaining that the end of a Stegosaurus' tail is called a thagomizer, named for the late Thag Simmons). These spikes were up to four feet long and were used for protection from predators; they pointed to the sides of the tail. Different species of Stegosaurus had different numbers of tail spikes; Stegosaurus ungulatis had 8 spikes and Stegosaurus stenops had 4 spikes. Some early Stegosaurus had shoulder spines.

As even more protection, Stegosaurus had armor-like scutes on the skin of the neck, the pelvic area (the hips) and perhaps on the sides of some species. These bony scutes were dicovered by Carpenter, et. al. in 1992.

Stegosaurus' rear legs were longer and straighter than its front legs, which sprawled out to the sides. The forefeet (the feet of the front legs) had five short, wide toes with short, hoof-like tips. The rear feet had three short, wide toes with hooves.